This movement changes the capacitance of the circuit, creating a changing electrical output. Sound pressure against this thin polymer film causes it to move. Condenser MicrophonesĬondenser (or capacitor) microphones use a lightweight membrane and a fixed plate that act as opposite sides of a capacitor. They need little or no regular maintenance, and with reasonable care will maintain their performance for many years. Output level is high enough to work directly into most microphone inputs with an excellent signal-to-noise ratio. They are capable of smooth, extended response, or are available with “tailored” response for special applications. They need no batteries or external power supplies. In fact, many intercom systems use small speakers with lightweight cones as both a speaker and a microphone, by simply switching the same transducer from one end of the amplifier to the other! A speaker doesn’t make a great microphone, but it’s good enough for that application.ĭynamic microphones are renowned for their ruggedness and reliability. So, instead of putting electrical energy into the coil (as in a speaker) you get energy out of it. This moves the coil, which causes current to flow as lines of flux from the magnet are cut. The diaphragm is moved by changing sound pressure. The magnetic field created by current flowing through the voice coil interacts with the magnetic field of the speaker’s magnet, forcing the coil and attached cone to move back and forth, producing sound output.Ī dynamic microphone operates like a speaker in reverse. With a speaker, current from the amplifier flows through the coil. Both have a magnetic system with the coil in its gap. Both have a diaphragm (or cone) with a voice coil (a long coil of wire) attached near the apex. Dynamic microphones are similar to conventional loudspeakers in many respects. ![]() Dynamic MicrophonesĬomparing microphones to loudspeakers may help you to understand their operation. So it’s important to invest in good microphones, to maximize sound system performance potential. ![]() If the mic can’t capture the sound clearly and accurately, and with low noise, even the best electronics and speakers following it won’t produce the optimum sound. The microphone is, by its nature, at the very beginning of most sound systems and recording applications. These are the types of microphones most often found in recording studios, broadcast, motion picture video production, and on stages for live sound reinforcement. While there are many ways to convert sound into electrical energy, we’ll concentrate on the two most popular methods: dynamic and condenser. Amplified and sent to a loudspeaker or headphone, the sound picked up by the microphone transducer should emerge from the speaker transducer with no significant changes. It senses acoustic energy (sound) and translates it into equivalent electrical energy. Like phono cartridges, headphones and loudspeakers, the microphone is a transducer – in other words, an energy converter. Dynamic Microphones | Condenser Microphones | Phantom Power | Other Types of Microphones
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